Geographic Information About the Country of Peru

Geographic Information About the Country of Peru Population: 31.77 million (2016 estimate)Capital: LimaBordering Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and EcuadorArea: 496,224 square miles (1,285,216 sq km)Coastline: 1,500 miles (2,414 km)Highest Point: Nevado Huascaran at 22,205 feet (6,768 m)Peru is a country located on the western side of South America between Chile and Ecuador. It also shares borders with Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia and has a coastline along the South Pacific Ocean. Peru is the fifth most populous country in Latin America and it is known for its ancient history, varied topography and multiethnic population. History of Peru Peru has a long history that dates back to the Norte Chico civilization and the Inca Empire. Europeans did not arrive in Peru until 1531 when the Spanish landed on the territory and discovered the Inca civilization. At that time, the Inca Empire was centered in what is present-day Cuzco but it stretched from northern Ecuador to central Chile (U.S. Department of State). In the early 1530s Spains Francisco Pizarro began searching the area for wealth and by 1533 had taken over Cuzco. In 1535 Pizarro founded Lima and in 1542 a viceroyalty was established there that gave the city control over all Spanish colonies in the region.Spanish control of Peru lasted until the early 1800s at which time Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar began a push for independence. On July 28, 1821, San Martin declared Peru independent and in 1824 it achieved partial independence. Spain fully recognized Peru as independent in 1879. Following its independence, there were several territorial disputes between Peru and neighboring countries. These conflicts eventually led to the War of the Pacific from 1879 to 1883 as well as several clashes in the early 1900s. In 1929 Peru and Chile drafted an agreement on where the borders would be, however it was not fully implemented until 1999 and there are still disagreements about maritime boundaries.Beginning in the 1960s, social instability led to a period of military rule that lasted from 1968 to 1980. Military rule began to end when General Juan Velasco Alvarado was replaced by General Francisco Morales Bermudez in 1975 due to poor health and problems managing Peru. Bermudez eventually worked at returning Peru to a democracy by allowing a new constitution and elections in May 1980. At that time President Belaunde Terry was re-elected (he was overthrown in 1968).Despite its return to democracy, Peru suffered severe instability in the 1980s due to economic problems. From 1982 to 1983 El Nino caused flooding, drought and destroyed the countrys fishing industry. In addition, two terrorist groups, Sendero Luminoso and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, emerged and caused chaos in much of the country. In 1985 Alan Garcia Perez was elected president and economic mismanagement followed, further devastating Perus economy from 1988 to 1990.In 1990 Alberto Fujimori was elected president and he made several large changes in the government throughout the 1990s. Instability continued and in 2000 Fujimori resigned from office after several political scandals. In 2001 Alejandro Toledo took office and put Peru on track to return to democracy. In 2006 Alan Garcia Perez again became Perus president and since then the countrys economy and stability have rebounded. Government of Peru Today Perus government is considered a constitutional republic. It has an executive branch of government that is made up of a chief of state and a head of government (both of which are filled by the president) and a unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru for its legislative branch. Perus judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of Justice. Peru is divided into 25 regions for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Peru Since 2006 Perus economy has been on the rebound. It is also known as being varied due to the varied landscape within the country. For example, certain areas are known for fishing, while others feature abundant mineral resources. The main industries in Peru are mining and refining of minerals, steel, metal fabrication, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction, fishing, cement, textiles, clothing and food processing. Agriculture is also a major part of Perus economy and the main products are asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guava, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, tomatoes, mango, barley, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, beans, poultry, beef, dairy products, fish and guinea pigs. Geography and Climate of Peru Peru is located in the western part of South America just below the equator. It has a varied topography that consists of a coastal plain in the west, high rugged mountains in its center (the Andes) and a lowland jungle in the east that leads into the Amazon River basin. The highest point in Peru is Nevado Huascaran at 22,205 feet (6,768 m).The climate of Peru varies based on the landscape but it is mostly tropical in the east, desert in the west and temperate in the Andes. Lima, which is located on the coast, has an average February high temperature of 80˚F (26.5˚C) and an August low of 58˚F (14˚C).​ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (15 June 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Peru. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Peru: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107883.htmlUnited States Department of State. (30 September 2010). P eru. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35762.htmWikipedia.org. (20 June 2011). Peru - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru

How to Format APA Citations

How to Format APA Citations How to Format APA Citations APA referencing – developed by the American Psychological Association – is used to cite sources in academic writing. But how does this system work? In this post, we take a look at APA citations, how to quote sources, and a few variations of the basic citation format you may need to know. 1. Basic APA Citations APA uses author–date citations (a form of parenthetical referencing). This means you cite a source by giving the surname of its author and the date of its publication in brackets: Many people use APA citations (Schreiber, 2001). As shown above, APA citations place a comma between the author’s name and the year. If the author is already named in the text, meanwhile, you only need to give the year in brackets: Schreiber (2001) states that many people use APA citations. This is the basic APA citation format for all sources with a single author. 2. Sources with More than One Author For sources with two authors, include both surnames in citations. The names should be joined by an ampersand if they are cited in brackets, but not when they appear in the main text: Two is company (Schreiber Harkin, 2011). According to Schreiber and Harkin (2011), two is company. When a source has three to five authors, the format is the same as above for the first citation. For instance: Three is a crowd (Schreiber, Harkin, Murray Ptaszynski, 2014). However, if you were to cite the same source again, you would use the first name plus â€Å"et al.† to prevent repetition. For example: Nobody yet knows what comes after a crowd (Schreiber et al., 2014). For sources with more than five authors, meanwhile, you should cite the first named author plus â€Å"et al.† in all citations, including the first one (full author information is still given in the reference list). 3. Organizational Authors Some sources, such as the website of a business, won’t have a named individual as an author. When this occurs, you can name a company or organization as the author: Missing citations can affect your grades (Proofed, 2018). This is known as citing an â€Å"organizational author.† If there is no organizational author available either, though, you may have to give the title of the source in the citation instead of an author. 4. Quoting Sources If you are quoting a source, you need to give a pinpoint citation. This means citing the page number(s) of the quoted passage: It is important to â€Å"provide evidence in essays† (Schreiber, 2001, p. 24). As shown above, you should give the page number(s) after a comma and â€Å"p.† when the author’s name is part of the citation. However, you should cite the page number separately when the author has been named in the text instead: Schreiber (2001) says we must â€Å"provide evidence in essays† (p. 24). The key is that page numbers always appear after the quotation. 5. Audiovisual Sources If you want to quote an audiovisual source, you need to cite a timestamp: The interviewee claimed that â€Å"video is the future† (Harkin, 2017, 21:34). Here, for example, the â€Å"21:34† in the citation shows that the quote comes from 21 minutes and 34 seconds into the recording. This replaces the page numbers cited when quoting a print source. 6. Multiple Sources in One Citation You can, if required, cite more than one source in a single set of brackets. All you need to do is place a semicolon between the citations, which should be ordered alphabetically by author surname: There is strong agreement on this issue among experts (Harkin, 2001; Ptaszynski, 1998; Schreiber, 2010). Citing more than one source at the same time like this can be useful if you need to show that multiple sources support the same argument. 7. Multiple Sources by the Same Author from the Same Year For most sources, the author’s surname and year of publication will be enough for the reader to find it in the reference list. However, if you are citing more than one source by the same author from the same year, you will need to provide extra information to help the reader. APA referencing does this by placing a letter after the year of publication: Publishing success can vary by year (Harkin, 2001a). Some years may see an author release multiple works, whereas other years may see them publish nothing at all (Harkin, 2001b). Here, we have two sources by Harkin from 2001. As such, we label these â€Å"2001a† and â€Å"2001b† in citations and in the reference list so readers can tell which citation points to which source. The letter used depends on the position of the source in the reference list, with sources from the same year ordered alphabetically by title. So, if we have two sources by Harkin from 2001, one called Analyzing APA and another called Myths of Referencing, the former would come first in the reference list and be cited as ‘2001a’, while the latter would come second and be cited as â€Å"2001b.† 8. More than One Author with the Same Surname Finally, if you cite separate sources by two authors who happen to have the same surname, you should add a first initial to citations so that your reader can tell them apart: Some surnames are very common (A. Smith, 1984). This can lead to confusion between people with the same surname (B. Smith, 2004). Adding this initial will help readers find the sources in your reference list.

Critically discuss the view that the Cournot, Bertrand and Stackelberg Essay

Critically discuss the view that the Cournot, Bertrand and Stackelberg models of oligopoly are fundamentally flawed and are unable to explain recent events in the markets and industries - Essay Example It is a common practice for firms in an oligopoly market to collude in setting up prices with an intention of mitigating the risks that arises in the particular market. However, most of the alliances formed are outlawed in most countries given that they short-change customers because of the less competition that they have unlike in other markets such a perfect competition environment (Vives, 1999). Models developed by three scholars try to explain the concept of an oligopoly market. The Cournot, Bertrand and Stacklerg models are used to explain the theory of oligopoly. The Game theory is widely applied by three models to analyse the market critically under consideration (GineviÄ ius and Krivka, 2008). In a Cournot oligopoly, business entities compete on the basis of production levels. They determine the volume of products they are supposed to produce separately within a specified period. The main assumption made in a Cournot oligopoly is that the core business activity of a business entity is profit maximization. It assumes that the decision of determining the volume level is independent. Furthermore, it is assumed that all players in the market are aware of the cost function and the number of players that exist in the market. However, the cost function may vary from one organization to another (Giocoli, 2003). Some of the implication of the assumptions made in Cournot model is that the production level in the market is likely to be less compared to that of other markets such as the perfect competition market (Kopel and Là ¶ffler, 2008). Additionally, the prices in a Cournot oligopoly are lower compared to those of other markets. Conversely, given the nature of the market, formation of firms are likely to form cartels. Consequently, the model can be transformed to become similar to that of a monopoly market (Day et al., 2002). Cournot models assume firms

Ben and jerry study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ben and jerry - Case Study Example Also, it failed in increasing average return on shareholders’ equity. From 5% in 1997, it had reached till the case writing to 9%, which was not a big leap forward on the shareholders’ money. 2. Do you think that, in general, it is possible for a for-profit company to be committed to â€Å"improve the quality of life of a broad community† and still maximize shareholder value? Why or why not? It is possible for a for-profit company to remain dedicated to the community cause and at the same time record high earnings for the shareholders. Off late social issues of the communities where corporations have their offices have become relevant enough to provide a brand name and image to a company that promises to offer intangible value to the surrounding communities. This intangible value appreciates in time and changes into tangible results later when public at large prefers investing in its shares because of the earned reputation from the social work done to improve the standard of life of the surrounding communities. If I were Henry Morgan, I would recommend the Board to accept the offer made by Unilever. Unilever is the only company that is offering shareholders’ $36 in cash for each share. Offering shareholders the cash return for their investments in Ben $ Jerry’s provides them freedom of investing in any other company. Another company, Meadowbrook Lane is offering $32, which is less in value to the offer made by Unilever. Other than that the proposal made by Unilever offers to include some select members of B&J management in the integrated division of Unilever’s frozen desserts. A conflict of interests arises over Unilever’s proposal to limit social commitments and interests, but this is the same in the proposals of Meadowbrook Lane and Dreyer’s Grand. 4. If you are thinking about starting a new business, would social consciousness be a consideration for you? Was there anything you learned in

The Woman Who Fathered Me: A Caribbean Womans Role in the Family Essay

The Woman Who Fathered Me: A Caribbean Woman's Role in the Family Female children born into low income families in Jamaica and other islands of the Caribbean are burdened with a stereotype that their male counterparts will never know. When faced with the gender oppression their society has constantly been feeding, and the fact that so many women must act as the single financial heads of their families, many women of the Caribbean must settle for low paying occupations associated with 'female' or domestic labor. For women born into families at the bottom of the economic ladder, there is little hope of social mobility or escape from the fist of poverty. In most cases, the cycle continues to feed itself from mother to daughter. In my paper I will demonstrate this cycÀle by examining the Caribbean women's role in the family as head of the household and the education, employment and survival strategies characteristic to many of these women. I will conclude my paper by discussing some of the new organizations and movements that have surfaced in the C aribbean within the past thirty years that are fighting for women's empowerment. In his highly acclaimed novel In the Castle of My Skin, which he dedicates to his mother, in chapter three George Lamming eloquently describes what is actually a common scene among islands of the Caribbean: women gathered together in a common yard for the purpose of gossip. While it may seem to be an insignificant event, in a region where the responsibilities involved in raising a family fall mainly on women's shoulders, their bond with each other is essential. Miss Foster. My mother. Bob's mother. It seemed they were three pieces in a pattern which remained constant. Miss Foster had six children, th... .... 1998. 3. Ellis, Pat. Women of the Caribbean. New Jersey: Zeb Books Ltd., 1986. 4. Haniff, Nesha Z. Blaze a Fire. Toronto: Sister Vision, 1988. 5. Lamming, George. In the Castle of My Skin. USA: University of Michigan Press, 1991. 6. Massiah, Joycelin. omen as Heads of Households in the Caribbean: family structures and feminine status. Colchester: Unesco, 1983. 7. Senior, Olive. Working Miricles: Women's Lives in the English-speaking Caribbean. London: James Currey Ltd, 1991. 8. Shepherd, Verene. Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. 9. Walker, Susan."Rastafarian Women Speak Out"The Toronto Star 12 Aug. 1994: Pg. D12. 10. Yawney, Carole D. Moving with the dawtas of Rastafari: from myth to reality. pgs. 15--23; 33--55; and 65--73. (excerpts from Teresa Turner's New Society.)

A List of Famous Short Stories

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. ~ Sir Francis Bacon A LIST OF FAMOUS SHORT STORIES Famous short story writers are Edgar Allan Poe, Guy de Maupassant, Anton Chekov and O Henry. Some of these authors have gained much fame and recognition in the literary world entirely through their brilliant narrative of short stories while some of them like Charles Dickens, P. G.Woodehouse and Rudyard Kipling are highly accomplished in the fields of writing short stories and novels. Short stories are actually more difficult to write as it revolves around a single incident and it has to have the ability of captivating the reader. Because of its length a short story cannot be rambling or dealing with detailed descriptions. Whatever the plot maybe, the elements of a short story are clear and c omprehensive while the ending of most famous short stories are abrupt and dramatic with a twist at the end. Here is a list of famous short stories. Famous Short Stories About LoveHere is a list of famous short stories About love. †¢ Antony and Cleopatra ~ William Shakespeare †¢ About Love ~ Anton Chekov †¢ The Thing's The Play ~ O. Henry †¢ An Imaginative Woman ~ Thomas Hardy †¢ Old Ghosts ~ A. J. McKenna †¢ Return to Paradise ~ Anton Chekov †¢ Blues in the Night ~ Jennifer Jenkinson †¢ The Three Letters ~ Nels Schifano †¢ Gift of the Magi ~ O. Henry †¢ Scarlet Stockings ~ Louisa May Alcott †¢ A Lickpenny Lover ~ O. Henry †¢ Love ~ Anton Chekov †¢ Some Ways of Love ~ Charlotte Mew †¢ The Love Quarrel ~ Agnes Strickland Famous Short Stories for High SchoolHere is a list of world famous short stories that can be read by high school students. †¢ The Purloined Letter ~ Edgar Allen Poe †¢ A Piece of String ~ Guy de Mauppasant †¢ The First Miracle ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Five Orange Pips ~ Arthur Conan Doyle †¢ A Deception ~ Mark Twain †¢ The Gentleman Dressed in Newspaper ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Minister's Black Veil ~ Nathaneil Hawthorne †¢ The Third and Final Continent ~ Jhumpa Lahiri †¢ The Man Who Would Be King ~ Rudyard Kipling †¢ Providence and the Guitar ~ R. L. Stevenson †¢ An Affair of State ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The Girls in Their Summer Dresses ~ Irwin ShawList of Famous Short Stories Here is a list of some of the most loved and famous short stories of all time. †¢ A Matter of Sentiment ~ Saki †¢ The Stolen Bacillus ~ H. G. Wells †¢ The Chinese Statue ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Devil in the Churchyard ~ A. E. Coppard †¢ The Affair of the Pink Pearl ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Twice-Told Tales ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne's †¢ Ward No. 6 ~ Anton Chekhov †¢ Going to Meet the Man ~ James Baldwin †¢ T he Wisdom of Solomon ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Musgrave Ritual Arthur ~ Conan Doyle †¢ Rip van Winkle ~ Washington Irving †¢ The Things They Carried ~ Tim O’Brien Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ~ R. L. Stevenson †¢ The Lottery ~ Shirley Jackson †¢ The Enormous Radio ~ John Cheever †¢ In the Eye of the Beholder ~ Jeffrey Archer†¢ Earth Is Room Enough ~ Isaac Asimov †¢ A Legend of Old Egypt ~ Boleslaw Prus †¢ An Ordinary Soldier of the Queen ~ Graham Joyce †¢ Monday or Tuesday ~ Virginia Woolf †¢ Nobody's Business ~ Jhumpa Lahiri †¢ Everything That Rises Must Converge ~ Flannery O Connor †¢ The Room ~ William Trevor †¢ The Man in the Black Suit ~ Stephen King †¢ The Eleventh Edition ~ Leo E. Litwak †¢ Errand ~ Raymond Carver †¢ Lily ~ Jane Smiley The Coming-Out of Maggie ~ O. Henry †¢ Four and Twenty Blackbirds ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Afterward ~ Edith Wharton †¢ The Ambitiou s Guest ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ Araby ~ James Joyce †¢ The Tell-Tale Heart ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ The Rajah's Emerald ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Thousand-And-Second Tale of Scheherazade ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ Timbuctoo ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The End of the Party ~ Graham Greene †¢ The Wreck ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The Great Carbuncle ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ The Theft of the Royal Ruby ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Hunters in the Snow ~ Tobias Wolff †¢ The Best Sauce ~ P. G. Wodehouse The Calash ~ Gogol †¢ Markheim ~ Robert Louis Stevenson †¢ Lamb to the Slaughter ~ Roald Dahl †¢ The Last Leaf ~ O. Henry†¢ The Lottery Ticket ~ Anton Chekhov †¢ The Door in the Wall ~ H. G. Wells †¢ The Baron of Grogzwig ~ Charles Dickens †¢ The Open Window ~ Saki †¢ Rocking-Horse Winner ~ D. H. Lawrence †¢ The Ransom of Red Chief ~ O. Henry †¢ The Dressmaker's Doll ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Rappaccini's Daughter ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ The Storyteller ~ Saki †¢ Stranger ~ Katherine Mansfield †¢ The Private History of a Campaign That Failed ~ Mark Twain †¢ A Small, Good Thing ~ Raymond Carver A Silver Dish ~ Saul Bellow †¢ The Cask of Amontillado ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ A Burlesque Biography ~ Mark Twain †¢ The Boarded Window ~ Ambrose Bierce †¢ The Kugelmass Episode ~ Woody Allen †¢ The Case of the Perfect Maid ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Girl Who Sang with the Beatles ~ Robert Hemingway †¢ Hall The Ledge ~ Lawrence Sargent †¢ In Sickness as in Health ~ Martha Gellhorn †¢ The Blue-Winged Teal ~ Wallace Stegner †¢ Man and Wife ~ Katie Chase †¢ One Night Stand ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ Miss Marple Tells a Story ~ Agatha Christie †¢ An Eye for an Eye ~ Jeffrey Archer

Market Research Project - Caddyhome - 1719 Words

1. Executive summary The purpose of this research report is to find out whether customers are interested in an online hypermarket. To analyze this, the research is divided in three topics. The first one discusses the interest from customers to buy online. The second looks at drivers and barriers for people to buy online. Finally, the third topic investigates the different product categories that Caddyhome should include in their assortment. To analyze these topics, a market research was conducted through a face to face questionnaire and the results analyzed through a statistical program called SPSS. These results can be found in Appendix A. On the basis of these results, recommendations are given to Caddyhome regarding these topics.†¦show more content†¦Sample design For the purpose of our market research, we used a nonprobability sampling. We focused on people who, at least, sometimes buy online. We used a convenience sample, which means that we asked people who were available when and where we collected our data. Our sample was conducted among 100-150 respondents with Dutch, Belgian, French and Spanish nationalities. This should be enough in order to get some insight of the interest of the customers for the project and derive some relevant results from it. 5. Research questions, hypothesis and data analysis I. The interest to buy in an online hypermarket To analyze this topic we have six research questions. After we have tested the corresponding hypotheses, we give a short recommendation to Caddyhome regarding this topic. Research question 1 Are customers interested in purchasing in an online hypermarket? H0: Customers are indifferent to buy in an online hypermarket. ( µ=3) Ha: Customers are not indifferent to buy in an online hypermarket. ( µ is not equal to 3) The questionnaire question we addressed for this research question is question 4. To test this research question we decided to use a one sample t-test (two tailed) with a test value of 3. We decided to use a one sample t-test because we only have 1 sample (all the respondents) and our dependent variable has interval data. The test is two-sided because theShow MoreRelatedMarket Research Project - Caddyhome1731 Words   |  7 Pagessummary The purpose of this research report is to find out whether customers are interested in an online hypermarket. To analyze this, the research is divided in three topics. The first one discusses the interest from customers to buy online. The second looks at drivers and barriers for people to buy online. Finally, the third topic investigates the different product categories that Caddyhome should include in their assortment. To analyze these topics, a market research was conducted through a face